Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Dominance reversal protects large-effect resistance polymorphisms in temporally varying environments

doi: 10.1101/2024.10.23.619953

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, Twenty field mesocosm cages were seeded with an outbred population of D. melanogaster generated via outcrossing for 4 generations 76 inbred lines carrying the sensitive S and resistant R1, R2, and R3 Ace alleles. Ten cages received a malathion pulse after the initial population establishment. Eight timepoints were sampled to track the evolution of malathion resistance and genome-wide allele in the treated and untreated populations. Malathion did not affect estimated adult fly population sizes (mean ± s.e.m.) in treated populations. b, The malathion pulse led to a significant increase and subsequent decline of resistance (LD 50 , ppm) in the treated populations while resistance remained stable in the untreated populations. For LD 50 calculations see Methods and . Light lines/points show individual populations (orange, treated; blue, untreated), dark lines/points represent mean ± s.e.m. (n=10 populations per treatment group). c-d, Trajectories of Ace alleles in treated ( c ) and untreated ( d ) populations. In treated populations, the malathion pulse led to a significant increase in the frequency of the resistant R2 and R3 Ace alleles, followed by a decline in the frequency of R3. Ace allele frequencies remained stable in the untreated populations. Light lines/points show individual allele trajectories, dark lines/points represent the mean ± s.e.m. (n = 10 populations per treatment group). e, Inferred selection (s) and dominance (h) coefficients from changes in the resistant Ace allele frequency. The colored ranges show the selection coefficients corresponding to the 0.95 confidence intervals of the slope distribution, obtained by bootstrapping cages within each treatment group. The overlap between the orange (treated cages) and dark blue (untreated cages) restricts the possible values of s and h . Within that overlap, lower values of h better explain both sets of data, as shown by higher values of the joint likelihood calculated from the bootstrap distributions (see Methods ). All results of statistical tests can be found in - .

Article Snippet: The orchard consisted of cleared land with walk-in mesocosm cages (2m x 2m x 2m) constructed of fine mesh and built around metal frames (BioQuip PO 1406C).

Techniques: Generated, Genome Wide, Selection